| 贵州喀斯特石漠化历史演变过程研究及其现代启示意义 | |
| Alternative Title | The Evolution of Karst Rocky Desertification in Guizhou Province and its Significance |
| 程安云 | |
| 2009-05-26 | |
| Degree Grantor | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 |
| Place of Conferral | 地球化学研究所 |
| Degree Name | 博士 |
| Keyword | 喀斯特 石漠化 贵州省 治理 人口 人地关系 生产方式 生产力 农业 |
| Abstract | 贵州历史环境状况研究较少，尤其是对石漠化的发生发展过程。本文从其历史时期人地关系及矛盾的角度并结合地质背景等因素探讨了其历史发展演变过程。 结果表明，贵州石漠化发端于明末清初，清中后期在分布和发展程度上都有所扩大，至民国时期已成为一个环境问题；但其最终成为贵州最严重的生态环境问题则是建国后随着人口激增而形成。 贵州石漠化发生发展经历了一个长期、渐进、从量变到质变的过程，人口数量增长是其关键控制因素；其实质是人口与土地资源之间承载能力的不协调。同时，其演变同生产方式的转变和生产关系的变化是密切联系的；而国家对贵州的宏观战略定位也间接影响其生态环境。严控人口数量和提高农业生产力，调整产业布局和政策是解决石漠化问题的基本途径，而建立和实行区域间的生态补偿制度应对此大有裨益。 对于石漠化的治理应以缓解和控制人地矛盾的发展为主线；而在技术层面，石漠化治理需要按循序渐进的原则来进行，严格按照生态演替规律分阶段、有步骤地促进其顺行演替；在治理区域选择方面，要先易后难，以轻度、中度石漠化地区为主，治理目标以恢复土地生产力；而强度和极强度石漠化应该以自然恢复为主，以景观恢复为主。同时，采取防治并举、标本兼治的办法，确保治理见成效。 |
| Other Abstract | Currently, there are a few studies focusing on Guizhou’s historical environments, especially for the evolution history of karst rocky desertification (KRD). This paper analyzed the evolution history of KRD in this province, from the perspectives of man-land relationship and its contradiction, geological backgrounds, etc.. It is concluded that, KRD in Guizhou Province, is possibly starting at the end of the Ming dynasty and earlier stage of the Qing dynasty, and extends in the middle of the Qing dynasty( around the year 1800),both in distribution range and severe degree; Continuously expanding in the Republic of China makes it an environmental issue. However, it is after the foundation of P.R.China, that it becoming a great eco-environmental threat to the socio-economic development of Guizhou province. The evolution of karst rocky desertification undergoes a long, quantitative to qualitative change process, from slight, regional to severe, provincial coverage. The KRD roots in the increase of population which exceeds the carrying capacity of the land resources at a specific period and leading to the imbalance and aggravation of man-land relationship, and it is also closely related with historical changes of production mode and productivity. Meanwhile, those central administrations’ strategic orientation for the province also had impacts upon its eco-environments. Therefore, the fundamental ways for rehibilitation of KRD are to control population size and raise their quality, improve agricultural productivity and adjust industrial layouts and policies. Moreover, an ecological compensation system would possibly benefit the province greatly. As to the rehabilitation of the desertification, it would be fundamental at a macroscopic level to coordinate the man-land relationship to promote the harmonious development of the province. Technically, the taming of the desertification need to carry out in a scientific way, which includes taking a progressive approach, following succession laws of ecological systems, etc.. As to the selecting of taming areas, it would be wise to give priority to the easy. Meanwhile, it is paramount to enforce the protection of those areas where taming measures have been taken, which would ensure those achievements not being destroyed. |
| Pages | 116 |
| Language | 中文 |
| Document Type | 学位论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.gyig.ac.cn/handle/352002/3470 |
| Collection | 研究生_研究生_学位论文 |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | 程安云. 贵州喀斯特石漠化历史演变过程研究及其现代启示意义[D]. 地球化学研究所. 中国科学院地球化学研究所,2009. |
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